Friday, 4 April 2025

Critical Reflection

At the beginning of this module, I set two goals for myself, which were to develop my public speaking skills and improve my social skills. Initially at the start of the module, I was afraid and hesitant to speak in front of crowds and more reserved in social interactions. However, throughout the 13 weeks of lessons, I actively sought out opportunities to stand up and speak in front of my classmates, and encouragement from Professor Blackstone gave me the courage to face my discomfort. Additionally, by periodically shuffling students into different groups, Professor Blackstone created a dynamic environment that allowed me to engage with a variety of individuals, thereby improving my social adaptability. 

In order to build my critical thinking skills, I adopted an approach rooted in curiosity and open-mindedness, which led me to always carefully evaluate information to assess the credibility of sources I find. With an open mind, I told myself to avoid biasness when I evaluated information and sought out different viewpoints so that I could broaden my understanding and not fixate on information that may stem from confirmation bias. With the feedback exercises that the module had, I engaged in discussions with team members to give feedback for other groups which allowed me to apply critical thinking skills. Also, with the feedback with other group members, it allowed to have different perspectives and the reasoning of others, which I can identify areas of improvements. 

Reflecting on my performance, I am pleased with the strides I have made towards my goals though I recognise there is still room for improvement. I believe the best way to further improve my communication and critical skills is to make it a habit and consciously applying what I have learned as much as possible. Moving forward, I plan to seek out more opportunities to speak in front of groups and engage in more problem-solving scenarios.

Having completed the research project, I developed a better appreciation for the critical role teamwork plays in a group project.. Even though I was more reserved and less assertive of giving ideas, I mustered courage to give advice to team members in writing report and this experience taught me that providing input and collaborating closely with team members are essential for producing good quality team deliverable. Through this process, I learned that effective teamwork is anchored on mutual contribution and willingness to engage, even when it requires stepping out of an individual's comfort zone. 

Additionally, for the preparation of the presentation, each member of the team had different views of having to present in front of the class. Some, including myself, experienced greater apprehension about presenting to the class. At times like this, team members provided encouragement to each other and gave advice to overcome their worries. I learned that it is important for members of a team to actively seek support and provide assistance to foster a more supportive and productive environment. I also realised that with the mock presentation practice I had, my performance during the actual presentation was significantly better, although I believe I have much to improve. This led me to believe that repetition is important. If I wish to improve on my presentation skills, I would have to be consistent and practice my presentation skills often in order to be comfortable and familiar with giving a presentation in front of an audience.

Another critical aspect of the research project was the development of my writing skills, particularly because of my interactions with gAI tools. With the proliferation and advancement of these gAI tools, I was too reliant on these tools with idea generation and writing. However, I came to realise that this dependence could compromise the accuracy of the information I produced, as information from gAI is not always reliable and precise. I concluded that excessive reliance on these tools could hinder the development of my own analytical and critical thinking abilities. Going forward, I will adopt a more balanced approach, using gAI as a supplementary resource rather than a primary option, ensuring I cultivate and refine my independent intellectual skills. 

Tuesday, 4 March 2025

Research Project Contributions

  • Research and Proposal on Solution to an Engineering Problem
    • Researched on the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) modules to solve challenges on the transportation of PPVC modules. Subsequently, I pitched the solution to my team members.
  •      Problem Identification
    • After the team had finalized on a research topic, tasks were delegated to each team member. I devised an ideal technology/system that could solve our problem of inefficient waste management. 
Updated on 28/2/2025
  • Provided the class with an update on the team's research topic and progress.
  • Pitched the team's problem statement and proposed solution to other team members.
Updated on 2/3/2025
  • Researched on the existing applications of IoT sensors in level monitoring that could be applicable in waste monitoring in bins via ChatGPT and Grok.
  • Used Google's search engine to further research on topics mentioned by gAI. 
  • Read up on the applications of IoT sensors on tank and sewer wastewater level monitoring and commonly used sensors that are applicable to monitoring of waste level in bins.
Updated on 11/3/2025
  • Researched on potential benefits that the implementation of IoT-integrated bins could bring to stakeholders.
  • Obtained information from Google's search engine with data pertaining to local context.
Updated on 21/3/2025 
Presentation:
  • For presentation, I did research on waste collection schedule in Singapore, the contribution of carbon emissions from transportation in Singapore's context and the importance for corporations to increase their green credibility. I consulted gAI and used Google to gather this information from government sources and credible articles.
  • Presented to the class on the benefits of the IoT-integrated bin and conclusion. 
Updated on 3/4/2025
Report:
  • Contributed to the report for sections on "existing applications of IoT sensors in level monitoring", "benefits", "methodology" and "conclusion"
  • Existing applications of IoT sensors in level monitoring
    • Tank level monitoring system
    • Sewer and wastewater level monitoring system
  • Benefits
    • Improved operational efficiency 
    • Enhanced environmental and sustainability efficiency
    • Increased revenue
  • Methodology
    • Primary research
    • Secondary research
  • Conclusion

Additional Final Draft Reader Response

Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) is a modular construction method that enhances productivity and on-site safety through the integration of

innovative technologies (Housing and Development Board, 2024). The PPVC method utilizes volumetric modules that are prefabricated and prefinished with fixtures and fittings in an off-site factory before being sent to the project site for assembly. This allows off-site module manufacturing and on-site construction activities to proceed simultaneously. According to Building and Construction Authority (2024), this approach has the potential to increase productivity by up to 40%, delivering significant reduction in both manpower and construction time. By streamlining workflows and reducing dependence on traditional on-site construction methods, PPVC is able to accelerate project delivery timelines and also lower overall project costs. In addition to enhancing productivity, PPVC markedly improves on-site safety by shifting most of the construction activities to a controlled factory environment, reducing the number of workers required at the project site, thereby lowering the risk of accidents and enhancing overall safety (Building and Construction Authority, 2024). This ensures that companies are able to avoid legal complications and associated penalties that may arise due to a breach of safety.

With its revolutionary features, the PPVC method outperforms traditional techniques through its ability to enhance productivity and safety on-site, demonstrating its excellence as an efficient and risk-averse construction method.

First of all, PPVC enhances productivity by reducing construction time through streamlining work processes. For example, according to Chougule et al. (2023), the use of modular technology expedites the design process by up to 15% in comparison to conventional methods as it leverages standardized module designs that are accessible through modular libraries. Additionally, on-site construction activities occur together with off-site manufacturing of the modules, which can decrease the time by 50% (Chougule et al., 2023). This means that efficiency can be achieved because PPVC eliminates many of the linear workflows inherent in traditional construction. Standardising designs reduces the need for collaboration with architects and designers to come up with a design, which can be a time-consuming process. It is clear that PPVC is able to enhance productivity by providing a more efficient workflow, making it a better alternative to conventional methods.*

In addition to enhancing productivity, PPVC improves the safety of workers on-site. This is supported by Jaillon and Poon (2008), who found that workers’ safety has improved when the risks involved with working at height are eliminated and shifted to controlled factory environments. In comparison to the industry figures, case studies reveal a substantial decrease in accident rates, with a 63% reduction, averaging 22 accidents per 1000 workers (Jaillon and Poon, 2008). PPVC also minimizes on-site construction noise and dust levels, creating a healthier and safer environment for workers. In fact, accident rates have been reduced because PPVC removes the need for high-risk on-site activities, which diminishes the exposure of workers to dangerous situations. Additionally, the reduction of on-site noise and dust levels creates a more conducive and safer working environment for the workers, reducing distractions and potential hazards. It is clear that PPVC enhances the overall safety of workers on-site by providing safer working environment, considerably reducing the risks associated with traditional construction methods. 

Although PPVC offers significant benefits in terms of productivity and safety on-site, the transportation of the modules may pose challenges to organisations. Hwang et al. (2018) state that the delivery of PPVC modules to construction sites typically requires the use of oversized heavy vehicles, which can slow down urban traffic and potentially damage road infrastructure because of their bulky frame and weight. Hence, local transportation authorities implement traffic rules to strictly regulate the movement of such vehicles. In Singapore, trips involving oversized heavy vehicles must receive clearance three working days in advance, and the vehicles must adhere to the designated routes (OneMotoring, 2024). This shows the importance of proper planning and consideration in the transportation of PPVC modules. If transportation logistics are not thoroughly checked, companies may encounter issues such as vehicles being unable to pass through areas with overhead bridges. Additionally, companies may face legal complications with local authorities if they fail to obtain necessary permits, ultimately hindering overall productivity and affecting project schedules. Nevertheless, while there are some limitations to the transport routes and the requirement for necessary vehicle permits, early planning and collaboration with local authorities can facilitate smoother transportation and minimise disruptions without compromising overall productivity.

In conclusion, the use of PPVC is beneficial to the construction industry, allowing companies to improve their productivity and safety on-site in ways that conventional construction methods cannot match. By leveraging these advantages, PPVC would be able to allow companies to achieve faster project completion, positioning it as a revolutionary solution for the future of construction.

 








References

*Building and Construction Authority. (2024, July 1). Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC).

https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/productivity/design-for-manufacturing-and- assembly-dfma/prefabricated-prefinished-volumetric-construction-ppvc

Building and Construction Authority. (n.d.). Design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA): Prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction. https://www1.bca.gov.sg/docs/default-source/docs-corp- buildsg/ppvc_guidebook.pdf?sfvrsn=1a7b4580_2

Chougule, A.B., & Chothe, O. (2023). Review of time and cost analysis for prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC). In: Hau, K.K., Gupta, A.K., Chaudhary, S., Gupta, T. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction Management: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 277, 937-949. Springer, Singapore. https://doi-org.singaporetech.remotexs.co/10.1007/978-981-19-4040-8_76

Housing & Development Board. (2024, January 18). Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC). https://www.hdb.gov.sg/about-us/research-and- innovation/construction-productivity/prefabrication-technology

Hwang, B.G., Shan, M., & Looi, K.Y. (2018). Key constraints and mitigation strategies for prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.136

Jaillon, L., & Poon, C. S. (2008). Sustainable construction aspects of using prefabrication in dense urban environment: a Hong Kong case study. Construction Management and Economics, 26(9), 953–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802259043

OneMotoring. (2024, November 29). Commercial vehicles. https://onemotoring.lta.gov.sg/content/onemotoring/home/driving/commercial- vehicles.html#exceed_dimension 

Friday, 7 February 2025

Summary + Thesis + Supports #2

 Summary

Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) is a modular construction method that enhances construction productivity and improves site safety through the integration of innovative technologies (Housing & Development Board, 2024). PPVC method utilizes volumetric modules that are prefabricated and completed with internal finishes, fixtures and fittings manufactured and assembled in an off-site prefabrication factory before being transported and installed at the project site. This allows off-site module manufacturing and on-site construction activities to proceed concurrently. According to the Building and Construction Authority (2024), this approach has the potential to increase productivity by up to 40%, delivering significant savings in both manpower and construction time. By streamlining workflows and reducing reliance on traditional on-site construction methods, PPVC not only accelerates project delivery timelines but also lowers overall project costs. In addition to enhancing productivity, PPVC significantly improves on-site safety. By shifting most of the construction activities to a controlled factory environment, PPVC reduces the number of workers required on-site, thereby lowering the risk of accidents and enhancing overall safety (Building and Construction Authority, 2024). The emphasis on better site safety minimizes the risk of injuries and fatalities, while also helping companies avoid legal complications and associated penalties.

Thesis

The prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) method demonstrates a transformative shift in the construction industry, outperforming traditional techniques through its ability to enhance productivity and safety on-site, proving its superiority as an efficient and risk-averse building solution.

References

Building and Construction Authority. (2024, July 1). Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC). https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/productivity/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma/prefabricated-prefinished-volumetric-construction-ppvc

Building and Construction Authority. (n.d.). Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA): Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction. https://www1.bca.gov.sg/docs/default-source/docs-corp-buildsg/ppvc_guidebook.pdf?sfvrsn=1a7b4580_2

Housing & Development Board. (2024, January 18). Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC). https://www.excel-precast.com.sg/product_category/ppvc/

Monday, 27 January 2025

Summary + Thesis Draft #1

Summary

Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) is a modular construction method that enhances construction productivity and improves site safety through the integration of innovative technologies (Housing & Development Board, 2024). PPVC method utilizes volumetric modules that are prefabricated and completed with internal finishes, fixtures and fittings manufactured and assembled in an off-site prefabrication factory before being transported and installed at the project site. This allows off-site module manufacturing and on-site construction activities to proceed concurrently. According to the Building and Construction Authority (2024), this approach has the potential to increase productivity by up to 40%, delivering significant savings in both manpower and construction time. By streamlining workflows and reducing reliance on traditional on-site construction methods, PPVC not only accelerates project delivery timelines but also lowers overall project costs. In addition to enhancing productivity, PPVC significantly improves on-site safety. By shifting most of the construction activities to a controlled factory environment, PPVC reduces the number of workers required on-site, thereby lowering the risk of accidents and enhancing overall safety (Building and Construction Authority, 2024). The emphasis on better site safety minimizes the risk of injuries and fatalities, while also helping companies avoid legal complications and associated penalties.

Thesis

The prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) method demonstrates a transformative shift in the construction industry, outperforming traditional techniques through its ability to enhance productivity and safety on-site, proving its superiority as an efficient and risk-averse building solution.

References

Building and Construction Authority. (2024, July 1). Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC). https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/productivity/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma/prefabricated-prefinished-volumetric-construction-ppvc

Building and Construction Authority. (n.d.). Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA): Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction. https://www1.bca.gov.sg/docs/default-source/docs-corp-buildsg/ppvc_guidebook.pdf?sfvrsn=1a7b4580_2

Housing & Development Board. (2024, January 18). Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC). https://www.excel-precast.com.sg/product_category/ppvc/

Thursday, 23 January 2025

Research Pathway

Topic: Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC)

Prompt: Detailed overview of prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction

Saturday, 18 January 2025

Personal Problem Reflection

 

Ideal

To be calm and less stressed-out during school

Reality (Gap)

I often feel tense and burned out when there is school

Causes / Conditions

Overwhelming amount of schoolwork and the pressure to do well academically.

Results

Made me feel stressed out which affected my sleep and unable to get adequate rest.

Goals

To be composed and not stress out when handling school assignments

Possible Change

Exercise frequently to unwind/ practice meditation and calming techniques/ Gaming 

Testing the hypothesis

In order to exercise frequently, I decided to sign up for a gym membership

Outcome of change

Approach worked, I feel more at ease and able to handle difficult situations

Critical Reflection

At the beginning of this module, I set two goals for myself, which were to develop my public speaking skills and improve my social skills. I...